ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to offer a trajectory of the factors that determine that Mexican heads of families decide to participate in the most visible informal microenterprise sector;before and during COVID-19. The data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) and prepared by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) of Mexico have been used and a Heckit model has been applied for its treatment and analysis. The findings show that income is the main cause of the informal economy of the heads of family, thus confirming the choice as a solution to economic difficulties. In addition, it is shown that there is a labor supply that excludes the demand with a higher educational level. In addition, informal enterprises are identified by higher remuneration for time spent, flexibility and reduction in working time, participation of more household members, and lower remuneration for women.
ABSTRACT
Research in Administrative Sciences under COVID-19 examines the context surrounding organizations in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic, detailing aspects related to Latin American and Mexican companies and their competitiveness in the face of the global health crisis. © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Competitiveness has become essential to business survival. Accordingly, the purpose of this chapter is to study the competitiveness of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Latin America under the systemic competitiveness model under COVID-19. Documentary research was conducted, based on reports from the Inter-American Development Bank, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the World Bank, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, among others. The main findings reveal an alarming deterioration at the macro, meso, and meta levels, which requires the design of public policies that consider the situation of MSMEs as essential for reducing poverty and unemployment affecting the region. Although MSMEs hold some advantages at the micro level, they need to receive direct support to enable them to stay afloat and make productive and technological investments. © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to analyse the financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pharmaceutical companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) index. The event study methodology is applied to a sample of 50 companies that comprise the pharmaceutical sector of the NYSE. The results present evidence in favour of the efficiency of this financial market, thus confirming that behind all great historical phenomena lies a financial effect;it was possible to demonstrate that the market returns of pharmaceutical companies showed a positive return in the WHO reports on COVID-19.